在 Ubuntu Server 17.10 以後版本設定固定 IP 位址

Ubuntu 在 17.10 的版本網路設定改使用 netplan 套件，修改 /etc/network/interfaces 不會有反應

本文章撰寫參考至下方參考資料之網站與 netplan 官網範例文件請前往下方參考資料檢視

此環境 Ubuntu 作業系統資訊

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 17.10
Release:        17.10
Codename:       artful

netplan 的網路設定路徑在 /etc/netplan 資料夾底下，名稱為 01-netcfg.yaml

此環境預設 01-netcfg.yaml

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: yes

eth0 網路介面開啟 DHCP IPv4 設定

調整網路設定為靜態 IP 位址

透過文字編輯器將 01-netcfg.yaml 修改為靜態 IP 位址

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [192.168.0.80/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.4.4]

簡短說明：關閉 DHCP 功能，設定 IP 位址為 192.168.0.80，/24 為子網路遮罩，預設閘道為 192.168.0.1，DNS 伺服器為 8.8.4.4

編輯完成後使用下面指令變更網路設定

sudo netplan apply

檢查網路設定

使用 ifconfig 指定查看設定結果

eth0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
 inet 192.168.0.80  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
 inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe00:14d4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
 ether 00:15:5d:00:14:d4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
 RX packets 2488  bytes 1506519 (1.5 MB)
 RX errors 0  dropped 187  overruns 0  frame 0
 TX packets 782  bytes 79091 (79.0 KB)
 TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73  mtu 65536
 inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
 inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
 loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
 RX packets 31  bytes 2572 (2.5 KB)
 RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
 TX packets 31  bytes 2572 (2.5 KB)
 TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

使用 ping 指令確認 DNS 伺服器設定

root@(SERVERNAME):/# ping www.google.com.tw
PING www.google.com.tw (172.217.27.131) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f131.1e100.net (172.217.27.131): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=10.9 ms
64 bytes from tsa03s02-in-f131.1e100.net (172.217.27.131): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=11.5 ms
^C
--- www.google.com.tw ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.964/11.250/11.536/0.286 ms

參考資料

• Examples | netplan.io
• Configuring Static IP Addresses on Ubuntu 17.10 Servers – Website for Students